Die Lebenserwartung von niereninsuffizienten Diabetikern mit guter Stoffwechseleinstellung
ist deutlich besser als bei Patienten mit schlechterer Einstellung. Die praktische
Umsetzung ist allerdings nicht einfach. Neben der aktuellen Nierenfunktion gilt es
die pharmakokinetischen Besonderheiten der einzelnen Antidiabetika zu beachten. Auch
die Pharmakokinetik von Insulin ist bei einer Niereninsuffizienz verändert: Durch
einen verminderten Abbau erhöht sich die Halbwertszeit des zirkulierenden Insulins.
Der potenziell erhöhten blutzuckersenkenden Potenz steht ein erhöhter Insulinbedarf
infolge einer Abnahme der Insulinempfindlichkeit bei Niereninsuffizienz entgegen.
Bei nachlassender Nierenfunktion, aber auch bei einem schlechten Allgemeinzustand,
sollte frühzeitig auf eine Insulintherapie umgestellt werden. Die Interpretation des
HbA1c –Wertes, dem „klassischen” Instrument zur Überprüfung der Diabeteseinstellung, ist
bei fortgeschrittener Niereninsuffizienz erschwert.
The life expectancy of diabetics suffering from renal insufficiency but with good
metabolic regulation is definitely superior to that of patients with poor regulation.
However, proper regulation is not an easy matter. It is not only important to keep
a regular watch on renal function: Attention must also be paid to the pharmacokinetic
properties of the individual antidiabetics. Do not ignore the fact that the pharmacokinetics
of insulin also change in renal insufficiency. Decreased biodegradation increases
the half–life of circulating insulin. The potentially increased blood–sugar reducing
power is counter–acted by an increased insulin demand caused by a decreased sensitivity
to insulin in renal insufficiency. In case of reduced renal functioning and also if
the patient's general condition is poor, insulin therapy should be started early.
Proper interpretation of the HbA1c value as a ”classical” means of checking on the proper adjustment of diabetic treatment
becomes more difficult with advanced renal insufficiency.
Key words
diabetic nephropathy - diabetes mellitus - metabolic adjustment - oral antidiabetics
- insulin
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1 Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release
Controlled Evaluation
2 United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study
Korrespondenz
Prof. Dr. Christoph Hasslacher
Diabetesinstitut Heidelberg c/o St. Josefskrankenhaus
Landhausstr. 25
69115 Heidelberg
Email: c.hasslacher@diabetesinsitut-hd.de